There is a growing demand for use of frozen and processed semen especially in the show lamb industry, where owners are willing to pay a premium to introduce newer genetics in their flocks. Unlike cattle though, the small ruminant semen industry in the US is unorganized and semen testing and cryopreservation parameters are not rigorously implemented. With development of more efficient methods of semen cryopreservation and estrus synchronization, it is now possible to obtain higher pregnancy rates even with poor quality frozen semen via artificial insemination. Artificial insemination (AI) is one such ART that has revolutionized the cattle breeding industry within the past few decades. The article also contains some novel research supported ideas to provide laparoscopic insufflation that have been recently developed.Īssisted reproductive technologies (ART) are utilized in animal reproduction to promote efficient use of germplasm for improvement of genetic value of companion and production animals. Though the technique for performing LAI has been mentioned briefly through various research articles, this article serves as the first comprehensive review of the technique, equipment used, associated complications and useful practical tips that could serve as a guideline for clinicians interested in adding this service to their practice. Addition of LAI to a small ruminant/food animal practice can be quite profitable and professionally fulfilling, as long as an appropriate investment in equipment and adequate training of veterinarians and technical staff is implemented. Hence, a thorough planning is essential to carry out the procedure safely and with consistent success rates. LAI can be associated with several complications as a result of inadequate patient preparation, poor technique or equipment failure.
In addition, proper equipment and surgical expertise help in reducing patient morbidity and mortality rates. Success of LAI programs depends on proper implementation of estrus synchronization programs, patient selection and thorough knowledge of the reproductive physiology.
There are several advantages of LAI that include efficient use of processed semen leading to higher pregnancy rates. Laparoscopic artificial insemination (LAI) is an intrauterine method of insemination, especially utilized in the small ruminant species to bypass their unique anatomically tortuous cervix.
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